Making Autonomy Work in Public Transport

LH

Laura Herzig

April 2025

Autonomous vehicle interface

When Public Transport Goes Driverless: What's Really Changing?

Robotaxis are already operating in California and Wuhan. But Europe is taking a different approach — building on existing public transport systems rather than replacing them.

Key Questions to Ask:

  • How can autonomy strengthen mass transit, not replace it?
  • Where can it fill the gaps — first/last mile, late night, low-density zones — without creating new ones?
  • And how do we redesign regulation, procurement, and operations to support those goals?

5 Key Challenges

1

The roles are shifting — and the old PTA/PTO dynamic will change

2

Procurement is still stuck in the diesel era

3

The driver shortage isn't going anywhere

4

Fleet utilisation needs a new operating model

5

Autonomy still costs more than people think

How Can We Help?

We support across Strategy, Design, and Operations.

We're not building vehicles — we're building the conditions for them to succeed.